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Where our information and visual material come from, and how to report a missing or incorrect credit.
Last updated: September 2026
Individual scientist profiles link to a named reference profile. Articles list their references when published. Our preferred sources include peer-reviewed journals, official scientific agencies, universities, museums, professional societies, and primary historical documents.
Research tools help collect and organize material from multiple named sources. Drafts are written as original explanations rather than copied summaries, checked for source coverage and unsupported claims, and kept out of the production database until an editor approves them. Automation supports the research process; it does not replace source verification or editorial responsibility.
Book records link to the official Project Gutenberg or Internet Archive catalog page used for access. Project Gutenberg identifies its editions as public domain in the United States and advises readers elsewhere to check local law. ScienceHub provides original introductions and links to the archive; it does not sell or repackage the book files.
Science Tools Lab calculations run from visible equations and SI constants. Exact constants and the gravitational constant follow the NIST 2022 CODATA publication; relativity definitions are cross-checked against OpenStax University Physics; the escape-speed model is compared with NASA educational material. Every tool states the assumptions it omits and is intended for education, not safety-critical or professional calculations.
The linked file page is the authoritative record for the author, license, and any attribution or share-alike conditions.
Eight additional article illustrations were created specifically for Science Knowledge Hub with AI-assisted image tools: stellar evolution, team science, relativity and GPS, Bell tests, semiconductors, scientific instruments, mathematical proof, and quantum computing. They were reviewed for subject fit and contain no third-party logos or copied artwork.
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